UAE’s 1st case of new clade 1b Mpox Latest 2025 Update on Mpox Case and Travel History

In early 2025, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) reported its first confirmed case of the new clade 1b Mpox virus, marking a significant development in the global understanding of this emerging infectious disease. The identification of this rare strain has raised concerns among public health officials worldwide, as it represents a shift in the epidemiology of Mpox beyond its traditional geographic boundaries. This blog delves into the details of the UAE’s first case, analyzes its implications for global health security, and provides an update on travel-related risks associated with the outbreak.

What is Mpox?

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the Mpox virus, which belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. Historically endemic to Central and West Africa, Mpox has traditionally been classified into two distinct clades:

• Clade I (formerly Congo Basin clade): Associated with higher mortality rates.
• Clade II (formerly West African clade): Generally less severe but more transmissible.

In late 2024, scientists identified a novel subclade within Clade I, designated as “Clade 1b.” This variant exhibits unique genetic mutations that enhance its transmissibility and adaptability to human hosts, raising alarms about its potential to spread globally.

The UAE’s First Case: A Detailed Overview

Patient Profile and Diagnosis

The UAE’s first documented case of Clade 1b Mpox involved a 38-year-old male traveler who arrived in Dubai from Nigeria in January 2025. Upon arrival, he exhibited mild symptoms including fever, headache, muscle pain, and characteristic skin lesions. He sought medical attention at a local hospital, where clinicians suspected Mpox based on clinical presentation and recent travel history.

Laboratory confirmation was achieved through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing conducted at the UAE Ministry of Health and Prevention’s reference laboratory. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of the Clade 1b variant, distinguishing it from previously circulating strains.

Travel History and Exposure Risk

According to the patient’s travel history, he had visited rural areas in southern Nigeria, where Mpox outbreaks have been historically reported. While there, he reportedly came into contact with wildlife, including rodents—a known reservoir for the Mpox virus. Additionally, he attended crowded gatherings during his stay, increasing the likelihood of exposure to infected individuals.

Upon returning to the UAE, the patient adhered to self-monitoring protocols recommended for travelers from high-risk regions. However, symptom onset occurred within the typical incubation period of 5–21 days post-exposure.

Implications of Clade 1b Mpox Emergence

Enhanced Transmissibility

One of the most concerning aspects of Clade 1b Mpox is its increased transmissibility compared to other variants. Genetic studies published in Nature Microbiology (2024) indicate that specific mutations in the viral genome facilitate better binding to human cell receptors, enabling easier transmission via respiratory droplets and direct contact.

Broader Geographic Spread

The detection of Clade 1b Mpox outside Africa underscores the virus’s ability to exploit international travel networks. Unlike earlier outbreaks confined to endemic regions, this variant poses a greater threat to non-endemic countries due to its adaptability and persistence in diverse environments.

Public Health Preparedness

The UAE’s swift response highlights the importance of robust surveillance systems and diagnostic capabilities. By promptly identifying and isolating the index case, authorities minimized the risk of secondary transmission. Nevertheless, the incident serves as a wake-up call for nations to strengthen their preparedness against emerging pathogens.

Global Response and Recommendations

WHO Guidelines

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued updated guidelines for managing Mpox outbreaks, emphasizing:

• Enhanced screening at airports and border crossings.
• Mandatory reporting of suspected cases by healthcare providers.
• Vaccination campaigns targeting high-risk populations using third-generation smallpox vaccines, which offer cross-protection against Mpox.

Travel Advisories

As of February 2025, several countries, including the UAE, have issued travel advisories urging citizens to avoid unnecessary travel to Mpox-endemic regions. Travelers returning from these areas are advised to monitor for symptoms and seek immediate medical care if they develop signs of infection.

Research Priorities

Scientists are prioritizing research into Clade 1b Mpox to better understand its pathogenesis, transmission dynamics, and vaccine efficacy. Collaborative efforts between institutions like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and African Union’s Africa CDC aim to accelerate knowledge sharing and resource allocation.

Conclusion

The UAE’s first case of Clade 1b Mpox signals a critical juncture in the fight against emerging infectious diseases. As globalization continues to connect distant parts of the world, the risk of cross-border transmission of novel pathogens will only intensify. The successful containment of this case demonstrates the value of proactive measures, including early detection, rapid response, and international cooperation.

By staying vigilant and investing in research, surveillance, and public education, we can mitigate the impact of Mpox and safeguard global health. The lessons learned from this incident will undoubtedly shape future strategies for addressing similar challenges in an increasingly interconnected world.

References:

1. World Health Organization (WHO). “Mpox Outbreak Updates – January 2025.”
2. Nature Microbiology. “Genomic Insights into Clade 1b Mpox Virus” (2024).
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). “Travel Health Notices for Mpox.”
4. UAE Ministry of Health and Prevention. “Official Statement on First Clade 1b Mpox Case.”
5. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). “Risk Assessment Report on Mpox Variants” (2025).

This comprehensive overview underscores the urgency of addressing Mpox as a global health priority while highlighting the UAE’s role in setting an example for effective outbreak management.